Two common construction materials are carbon steel and stainless steel for bearings. Bearings are common machine elements that are designed to reduce the friction between moving parts and constrain motion to only the desired motion. Ball bearings and roller bearings reduce sliding friction by using balls within the outer and inner ring of the bearing. Because the purpose of a bearing is to prevent friction, the construction materials of the bearing must be strong enough to withstand the constant motion and friction of their operating conditions.
So, what is the difference between carbon and stainless steel?
Carbon Steel
The definition of carbon steel can be a bit vague. One definition of carbon steel is simply steel that is not stainless steel. Typically, carbon steel has a carbon content of up to 2.1% by weight. As the percentage of carbon increases, when heat treated the steel can become harder and stronger, but less ductile. As the carbon content increases, it also reduces the weldability and lowers the melting point.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is steel with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass. The main feature of stainless steel is its resistance to rust, staining, and corrosion. In contrast, carbon steel that is unprotected can easily rust when exposed to air and moisture.
Carbon Steel Vs. Stainless Steel Bearings
Since the most significant difference between stainless steel and carbon steel is their resistance to rust and corrosion (due to the chromium content of stainless steel), it is often the case that stainless steel is the ideal construction material for corrosive environments. Applications with exposure to air, corrosive substances, or water often benefit from the natural corrosion resistance of stainless steel.
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